Register For Our Mailing List

Register to receive our free weekly newsletter including editorials.

Home / 460

Investment 101 and the greatest risk in investing

I have been trying to correct some basic investment misunderstandings, apparently with little success. Here are three lessons in Investment 101.

Three incorrect assertions

Some people interpret:

1. Shorting Tesla as being against the amazing Elon Musk, against Green, against innovation.

Lesson 1: A great firm with a great leaders and great products - so long as these are understood by the market and priced in - will deliver a fair return only. To drive great returns, the firm must surprise the market with even more amazing products. Empirically, storied firms tend to be priced for perfection. The market expects the impossible and the forward returns tend to be poor. It's not because the company becomes bad but because the current price has baked in unreasonable growth and profitability assumptions.

2. Underweighting US as anti-American values, betting against US ingenuity, disapproving all that is wonderful about US and its contribution to global prosperity.

Lesson 2: While prices may not be rational, they do reflect consensus. If your views and information are similar to consensus, that's not a bad thing. It just means you read similar information and analysis as other market participants and then your views cannot be predictive of better future returns. For example, we can agree that the US economy is wonderful and that China has a lot of issues. That this is obvious means prices reflect this consensus. Indeed US valuation has been 50% more expensive than China. China's equity performance relative to the US will not be determined by the consensus that China isn't a democracy with checks and balances. It will be determined by whether the US proves to be infallible and China remains as bad and incompetent as headlines have sold it.

3. Diversifying into China as supporting the CCP, favoring autocracy as a political system, ignoring obvious risks posed by China's political agenda, ignorant of China's slowing down.

Lesson 3: Investment risk is not related to an investor's familiarity or comfort with an asset. A tech executive investing in a tech stock doesn't make that stock less risky to him. American's home country bias doesn't make US stocks less risky to US investors. Familiarity and comfort tend to cause people to underestimate the true risk. That overconfidence is far riskier. Having access to Bloomberg, to broker research and CNN doesn't make your portfolios safer. It makes you overconfident and liable to ignore the unknown unknowns. It makes you confuse priced common knowledge as if they are unique insights that give you an edge in forecasting stock prices.

Is your view already a consensus and priced in?

Despite the best efforts of almost every investment book, many investors, including those that manage money professionally, continue to confuse a good company or country with a good investment.

So what is the greatest risk in investing? It is in not understanding that your fears and insights are common and already priced in, or already over-priced.

 

Jason Hsu is Founder and CIO at Rayliant Global Advisors and Portfolio Manager of Rayliant ETFs. Republished with permission from the author’s LinkedIn newsletter, The Bridge.

 

  •   1 June 2022
  • 3
  •      
  •   

RELATED ARTICLES

The 9 most important things I've learned about investing over 40 years

Improving financial literacy for women is a necessity

Charlie Munger on Buffett, gambling, Apple, and China

banner

Most viewed in recent weeks

Indexation implications – key changes to 2026/27 super thresholds

Stay on top of the latest changes to superannuation rates and thresholds for 2026, including increases to transfer balance cap, concessional contributions cap, and non-concessional contributions cap.

The refinery problem: A different kind of energy crisis in 2026

The Strait of Hormuz closure due to US-Iran conflict severely disrupted global energy supply chains. While various emergency measures mitigated the crude impact, the refined product market faces unprecedented stress.

Has Australia wasted the last 30 years?

The 20 years after Peter Costello left Treasury have been deemed wasted...by Peter Costello. The missed opportunities for Australia began long before.  

3 ways to defuse intergenerational anger

With the upcoming budget increasingly likely to include bold proposals to alter the tax code I’ve outlined three incremental steps with fewer unintended consequences.

Navigating the next stage of life in retirement

Retirement planning is more than just saving enough money. Long-term care needs, housing choices, and social networks are just as critical for a happy and enjoyable life.

The missing 30%: how LIC returns are understated, and why it matters

The perceived underperformance of LICs compared to ETFs is due to existing comparison data excluding crucial information, highlighting the need for proper assessment and transparent reporting.

Latest Updates

Superannuation

Do super funds need a massive wake up call?

UK retirement expert, Guy Opperman, believes super funds are failing at supporting members in deaccumulation. Here is what Australia should do about it. 

Retirement

Sequencing risk resurfaces for retirees

A retirement strategy must consider how both the timing of cash flows and the sequence of returns impact the final dollar outcome from which a retirement is funded.

SMSF strategies

Meg on SMSFs: Payday super – why should SMSF members even care?

Not filing your SMSF annual return on time can mean missed contributions under the new Payday super regulation. 

Strategy

There will be no permanent underclass

Worries about AI causing mass job loss are misguided. Far from creating a permanent underclass, Like other technological innovations AI will improve living standards around the world.

Taxation

Reforming the taxation of wealth and wealth transfers

As the budget approaches debate continues about the need and method for addressing wealth inequality. Could reinstating wealth transfer taxes be the answer?

Investment strategies

The biggest oil shock in history. Why isn't the price higher?

While increases in oil prices are dominating media coverage of the turmoil in the Middle-East it is worth exploring why prices haven't gone up more. 

Financial planning

Structured giving's new moment

A big year for philanthropy has seen multiple tax changes impact the approach donors are taking. For those with the intention to give generously there is a third structure available in the structured giving landscape.

Sponsors

Alliances

© 2026 Morningstar, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer
The data, research and opinions provided here are for information purposes; are not an offer to buy or sell a security; and are not warranted to be correct, complete or accurate. Morningstar, its affiliates, and third-party content providers are not responsible for any investment decisions, damages or losses resulting from, or related to, the data and analyses or their use. To the extent any content is general advice, it has been prepared for clients of Morningstar Australasia Pty Ltd (ABN: 95 090 665 544, AFSL: 240892), without reference to your financial objectives, situation or needs. For more information refer to our Financial Services Guide. You should consider the advice in light of these matters and if applicable, the relevant Product Disclosure Statement before making any decision to invest. Past performance does not necessarily indicate a financial product’s future performance. To obtain advice tailored to your situation, contact a professional financial adviser. Articles are current as at date of publication.
This website contains information and opinions provided by third parties. Inclusion of this information does not necessarily represent Morningstar’s positions, strategies or opinions and should not be considered an endorsement by Morningstar.