Register For Our Mailing List

Register to receive our free weekly newsletter including editorials.

Home / 346

Do sin stocks really give your portfolio the edge?

Two recent papers looked at the historically strong performance (and recent weak performance) of what are known as ‘sin’ stocks. The analysis found that the stocks’ past outperformance (or alpha) was not as simple as reaping the rewards of a ‘deal with the devil’.

What are sin stocks?

‘Sin’ stocks are usually considered to be those whose activities are dominated by what would be considered unethical or immoral activity, usually alcohol, tobacco, gambling, adult entertainment and weapons.

We looked at two relevant papers covering the returns of such stocks:

  • Blitz, D. and F.J. Fabozzi. Sin Stocks Revisited: Resolving the Sin Stock Anomaly, 2017
  • Jorgensen, A. 'Sin' Stock Exclusions: What is the Impact?, UBS Global Research, October 2019

The data in both papers is drawn from Kenneth French’s data library and covers tobacco, alcohol and weapons.

Note that this approach identifies only the manufacturers of these goods, and indeed only firms for which manufacturing the product is their primary business.

Performance of sin stocks in history

Chart 1 below (from the UBS paper) shows that these stocks had very strong performance from the early 2000s to about 2016 or 2017. In fact, the data show that over the past 43 years, a cap-weighted benchmark of the largest 50 ‘sin’ stocks has outperformed the MSCI World by nearly 5% per year.

Chart 1: Sin stocks performance v benchmark: outperform the benchmark significantly and then sell-off over the last three years

The chart also plots the excess return of a portfolio of the MSCI World without these 50 names, to see what performance drag the portfolio would have had from excluding them. The answer is – very little. In fact, the portfolio of MSCI World, excluding the 50 sin stocks, only underperforms the MSCI World itself by about 6bps (0.06%) per year, as per Table 1.

Table 1: Summary statistics of portfolios of sin stocks, MSCI World (ex-sin stocks) and the MSCI World itself

The reason for this is clear – these stocks only actually represent a small component of the investible universe (a global average of 2.2%). Blitz and Fabozzi (2017) state that the size of these stocks in Developed Markets portfolios is not large: “… the combined weight of the sin sectors averages 2.1% for the United States, 3.5% for Europe, 1.6% for Japan, and 2.2% for global.” The UBS paper also notes that “… the low market capitalisation of these sectors means that, in practical terms, excluding them does not lead to significant change in performance.”

Recently, the outperformance of sin stocks has reversed, with a portfolio of 50 sin stocks down about 6% per year for 2017–2019.

Chart 2 (again from UBS) shows the stocks’ outperformance by broader sector categorisations, over a much longer horizon than Chart 1. The sin stock groupings here are alcohol, tobacco and weapons, which are easier to capture over a long period. All three sectors have participated in this alpha, with tobacco the best. The 1960–1990 period is truly remarkable, with the aggregate sin portfolio creating approximately 16 times the wealth of investing in the broader stock market.

Chart 2: Sin stocks outperformance by sector

Recent performance of sin stocks

As noted, Chart 3 shows that many sin stocks have sold off very strongly over the past three years. It appears the main drivers have been increased regulations, the rise of ‘vaping’ as a smoking alternative, and investors choosing to divest or exclude the stocks for ethical reasons.

Chart 3: Annual outperformance for each sector 2016-2019

Was there ever any alpha?

At first glance, the above charts would suggest that having an aggressive holding in these sectors would have delivered outperformance (alpha). However, the two papers agree conclusively that while apparent in simple excess return calculations, this alpha does not survive analysis when considering common factors such as size, value or momentum.

That is, there is no specific alpha in these names. The alpha is captured by well-known return factors, and so their factor exposure (and performance) could potentially be replicated by a portfolio of other (‘non-sin’) stocks.

The return factors used to capture any alpha (or detect unique insights) stem from the Fama and French class of models. The Blitz and Fabozzi paper, and the UBS analysis, both use the market return itself plus six other return premium factors:

  • Size: smallest stocks over largest stocks, by market cap
  • Value: cheapest stocks over most expensive stocks (measured using Book to Price)
  • Momentum: highest 12-month momentum stocks over lowest 12-month momentum stocks
  • Low beta (or ‘betting against beta’): Low beta stocks over high beta stocks
  • Profitability: highest profit margin stocks over lowest profit margin stocks
  • Investment (or ‘over investment’): lowest asset growth stocks over highest asset growth stocks

No sin in excluding these stocks

The observed outperformance is subsumed by a set of well-known return factors. Among other things, sin stocks seem to be low beta, are smaller than average and don’t seem to have a systematic value or momentum tilt. Sin stocks can be excluded from a portfolio without compromising potential performance.

 

David Walsh is Head of Investments at Realindex Investments, a wholly owned investment management subsidiary of First Sentier Investors, a sponsor of Firstlinks. This article is primarily for information. It discusses ideas that are important to the Realindex investment process and clients but may not be implemented in the ways discussed here.

For more articles and papers from First Sentier Investors, please click here.

 

banner

Most viewed in recent weeks

Australian house prices close in on world record

Sydney is set to become the world’s most expensive city for housing over the next 12 months, a new report shows. Our other major cities aren’t far behind unless there are major changes to improve housing affordability.

The case for the $3 million super tax

The Government's proposed tax has copped a lot of flack though I think it's a reasonable approach to improve the long-term sustainability of superannuation and the retirement income system. Here’s why.

Tariffs are a smokescreen to Trump's real endgame

Behind market volatility and tariff threats lies a deeper strategy. Trump’s real goal isn’t trade reform but managing America's massive debts, preserving bond market confidence, and preparing for potential QE.

The super tax and the defined benefits scandal

Australia's superannuation inequities date back to poor decisions made by Parliament two decades ago. If super for the wealthy needs resetting, so too does the defined benefits schemes for our public servants.

Meg on SMSFs: Withdrawing assets ahead of the $3m super tax

The super tax has caused an almighty scuffle, but for SMSFs impacted by the proposed tax, a big question remains: what should they do now? Here are ideas for those wanting to withdraw money from their SMSF.

Getting rich vs staying rich

Strategies to get rich versus stay rich are markedly different. Here is a look at the five main ways to get rich, including through work, business, investing and luck, as well as those that preserve wealth.

Latest Updates

SMSF strategies

Meg on SMSFs: Withdrawing assets ahead of the $3m super tax

The super tax has caused an almighty scuffle, but for SMSFs impacted by the proposed tax, a big question remains: what should they do now? Here are ideas for those wanting to withdraw money from their SMSF.

Superannuation

The huge cost of super tax concessions

The current net annual cost of superannuation tax subsidies is around $40 billion, growing to more than $110 billion by 2060. These subsidies have always been bad policy, representing a waste of taxpayers' money.

Planning

How to avoid inheritance fights

Inspired by the papal conclave, this explores how families can avoid post-death drama through honest conversations, better planning, and trial runs - so there are no surprises when it really matters.

Superannuation

Super contribution splitting

Super contribution splitting allows couples to divide before-tax contributions to super between spouses, maximizing savings. It’s not for everyone, but in the right circumstances, it can be a smart strategy worth exploring.

Economy

Trump vs Powell: Who will blink first?

The US economy faces an unprecedented clash in leadership styles, but the President and Fed Chair could both take a lesson from the other. Not least because the fiscal and monetary authorities need to work together.

Gold

Credit cuts, rising risks, and the case for gold

Shares trade at steep valuations despite higher risks of a recession. Amid doubts that a 60/40 portfolio can still provide enough protection through times of market stress, gold's record shines bright.

Investment strategies

Buffett acolyte warns passive investors of mediocre future returns

While Chris Bloomstan doesn't have the track record of his hero, it's impressive nonetheless. And he's recently warned that today has uncanny resemblances to the 1990s tech bubble and US returns are likely to be disappointing.

Sponsors

Alliances

© 2025 Morningstar, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer
The data, research and opinions provided here are for information purposes; are not an offer to buy or sell a security; and are not warranted to be correct, complete or accurate. Morningstar, its affiliates, and third-party content providers are not responsible for any investment decisions, damages or losses resulting from, or related to, the data and analyses or their use. To the extent any content is general advice, it has been prepared for clients of Morningstar Australasia Pty Ltd (ABN: 95 090 665 544, AFSL: 240892), without reference to your financial objectives, situation or needs. For more information refer to our Financial Services Guide. You should consider the advice in light of these matters and if applicable, the relevant Product Disclosure Statement before making any decision to invest. Past performance does not necessarily indicate a financial product’s future performance. To obtain advice tailored to your situation, contact a professional financial adviser. Articles are current as at date of publication.
This website contains information and opinions provided by third parties. Inclusion of this information does not necessarily represent Morningstar’s positions, strategies or opinions and should not be considered an endorsement by Morningstar.