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Being human means being a bad investor

One of my favourite Daniel Kahneman quotes is: “Nothing in life is as important as you think it is while you are thinking about it”. It beautifully encapsulates our tendency to significantly exaggerate the importance of whatever is on our minds at any given moment. This is an issue that is particularly troublesome for investors. There is just one problem – the quote gets it wrong.

I am asleep in my bedroom one night when I am awoken by the sound of an alarm going off. I then see smoke creeping underneath the door. I quickly realise that there is a fire in the house and need to work out what to do next. Sometimes, just sometimes, events might be as crucial as we think they are when we are thinking about them.

We have a tendency to overstate the significance of whatever has our attention because – on rare occasions – it will be profoundly consequential. From an evolutionary perspective this makes perfect sense. Worrying a lot about things that might be a threat to our survival is a highly effective adaption. We can’t reproduce if we cannot survive.

Kahneman’s quote might instead have been: "The vast majority of things in life are not as important as we think they are while we are thinking about them”. Not as catchy, I grant you.

If nothing was ever as important, then we wouldn’t act as if a lot of things were. This gets at a core issue of why investing is so difficult. Many of the behaviours that have made humans such a successful species, also make it difficult to be good, long-term investors.

Our overreaction to short-term, visible, in-the-moment risks, is just one of them. There are plenty of others – including herding, aversion to losses, and our susceptibility to stories.

Discussion around investor behaviour often seems focused on creating a long list of detrimental biases that humans suffer from as if we are just a poorly wired species, ill-equipped to make good decisions. This is not the case – it is simply that certain ingrained behaviours that are incredibly effective in some contexts, can be detrimental in others.

That investment issue that you are currently worrying about is very unlikely to be as vital as you believe it to be, but it is very human to act as if it is. The key to good investment decision making is to understand what makes us human, and then to adapt those elements which might also make us bad investors.

 

Joe Wiggins is Director of Research at UK wealth manager, St James’s Place and publisher of investment insights through a behavioural science lens at www.behaviouralinvestment.com. His book The Intelligent Fund Investor explores the beliefs and behaviours that lead investors astray, and shows how we can make better decisions.

This article was originally published on Joe’s website, Behavioural Investment, and is reproduced with permission.

 

  •   16 July 2025
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8 Comments
Steve
July 17, 2025

My take on the biggest problem for investors is the fact the future is uncertain. Now this is obvious but at an individual level it is exaggerated. How long will you (and/or your partner) live means how long does my money have to last? How much do I spend this year, next year etc when you aren't sure means many underspend, as the alternative (running out!) is much worse. When investments are pooled, the longevity risk drops off; in the case of governments they have a theoretically infinite lifespan. Which brings me back to some form of govt backed, quasi market linked annuity as a means to address the how long will my money last without just going straight to the aged pension. Pool the risk but get better than the very conservative returns commercial annuity providers offer. I still think this is the next gigantic opportunity for the industry super funds.

Kevin
July 17, 2025

I doubt this will go up,block everything. The middle period of the statements for the margin loan turned up,I remembered where they were,a bike ride clears the head

Every time people look in the mirror,the enemy stares back at them.The title is exactly right. So end of Feb 2009 was bottom on the statements that were monthly then. The first number is end of Feb,the next number is end of March.

CBA $29.70 ,then $34.68.I picked up just under 500 shares in the DRP in March

Macbank $16.96, then $27.05.

WES. $17.54 ,then $18.80,I didn't check how many shares I picked up in the DRP .Wes tend to pay out in April.

For that one month period as the pressure came off the portfolio increased 11.6%.A home equity loan and margin loan mix of $65 K bought 1,000 shares in each of them. Use the DRP and they are now worth well over $1 million ( the time to buy is when the blood is flowing freely on the streets).

People work hard to fool themselves and have unshakeable belief in their own nonsense. Get it precisely wrong,not roughly right. Saving up over $1 million is easier than paying off a loan of $65K. The list of nonsense and golden rules and secret sauces is unlimited . You must buy and sell ticker symbols,don't just leave quality companies alone to compound.

Human nature will never change and they will never stop believing in their own nonsense. The facts that people look up,and the "facts" they make up lead to huge differences in life .

Dudley
July 18, 2025

"govt backed, quasi market linked annuity as a means to address the how long will my money last without just going straight to the aged pension":

Make your money last as long as is required or as short as to Age Pension eligibility.

Numbers reduces reliance on human investor guess work.

Presume retired. Guess age at demise. Pick remaining capital at demise in case change mind at last moment.

How much is to be withdrawn / y for chosen capital at demise to match remaining capital, with capital government guaranteed (~similar risk to Age Pension):

Overall tax rate guess 15%, bank deposit yield 4.3%, CPI 2.2%, to demise 95, from 65, present capital $3,000,000:

Drawdown capital; chosen capital at demise real $1,000,000:
= PMT((1 + (1 - 15%) * 4.3%) / (1 + 2.2%) - 1, (95 - 65), -3000000, 1000000)
= $96,617 / y

No capital drawdown, live off no more than real earnings; chosen capital at demise real $3,000,000:
= PMT((1 + (1 - 15%) * 4.3%) / (1 + 2.2%) - 1, (95 - 65), -3000000, 3000000)
= $42,710.37 / y
Age Pension:
= 26 * 1,732.20
= $45,037.20 / y (tax less, capital less, effort less, real, free money)
Better to draw on Age Pension with Assessable Assets of <= $481,500 + an unencumbered gilded cage.

Steve
July 18, 2025

Dudley you have the same problem as me - you have gone for capital draw down (obviously otherwise fear of running out of money is a moot point) but even then you left $1m untouched at the end, presumably "just in case". All I would like to see is a form of annuity that gives income similar to a 60/40 portfolio with full draw down as per life expectancy tables, and letting pooling of risk handle the longevity conundrum. I know some will say these are available from annuity providers but most of the added income looks to be swamped in fees which makes them next to useless. A more opaque investment approach I've yet to see.

Dudley
July 18, 2025

Your question:
"how long will my money last without just going straight to the aged pension"?

Unknowable if you are like Wilson the Lotus Eater:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lotus_Eater

Your criteria:
"a form of annuity that gives income similar to a 60/40 portfolio with full draw down as per life expectancy tables, and letting pooling of risk handle the longevity conundrum."

Requires handing over your capital and trusting. Not enough 'call' for that.

To remain aloof of the Age Pension and not drawdown capital requires more than about $6,000,000:
= PMT((1 + (1 - 15%) * 4.3%) / (1 + 2.2%) - 1, (95 - 65), -6000000, 6000000)
= $85,421 / y

Or take chances with the capital with larger rates or return.

Dudley
July 18, 2025

I did not give your scheme a worthy response.

"a form of annuity that gives income similar to a 60/40 portfolio with full draw down as per life expectancy tables, and letting pooling of risk handle the longevity conundrum."

Costello suggested morphing the Future Fund https://www.futurefund.gov.au/ into something similar.
Have a look at why that did not happen?

In my worked examples, I selected:
* real $1,000,000 remaining as the amount which precludes the Age Pension on the Asset Test.

* real $3,000,000 initially as the amount which provides real earnings;
* * without drawdown about equal to the Age Pension payment.
* * with drawdown about double the Age Pension payment.

* real $6,000,000 initially as the amount which provides real earnings;
* * without drawdown about double the Age Pension payment.
* * with drawdown about $220,000 or about 5 times Age Pension payment.

with similar risk to Age Pension.

With 60 share / 40 bond allocation, there is a greater spread of outcomes, including needing the Age Pension.

James
July 18, 2025

The biggest misconception about investing is the skill of making money can be taught and learned. Overlooking or refusing to concede to accept the fact, it vesting just like playing tennis, only 1% of us can be successful and always be the winner. The rest 99% is just not smart enough to ever make it. That is why financial advisory industry is a trillion dollars industry, like the law industry, purely make great fortune out of human weekness and vulnerability .

michael
July 19, 2025

Yes.
Without solving the problem, that only 1% are successful.

 

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